Setting Out and Building Masonry Structures

Module 3: Setting Out and Building Masonry Structures 

This module equips Brickwork Technicians – Level 2 with the skills to accurately interpret plans, set out foundations, and construct durable masonry structures while adhering to industry standards. Below is a structured breakdown of key topics:

1. Reading Construction Drawings and Specifications

Key Learning Points:

• Understanding Blueprints:

• Scale representations (e.g., 1:50, 1:100) showing wall dimensions, openings (doors/windows), and material specifications.

• Symbols for bricks, blocks, insulation, and damp-proof courses (DPCs).

• Interpreting Specifications:

• Mortar mix ratios (e.g., 1:3 cement:sand for load-bearing walls).

• Bonding patterns (e.g., stretcher bond, English bond).

• Verifying Measurements:

• Cross-referencing drawings with on-site dimensions before construction begins.

Common Errors to Avoid:
❌ Misreading elevation vs. plan views.
❌ Ignoring tolerances (e.g., ±5mm for alignment).

2. Setting Out Foundations

Tools & Techniques:

• Levels & Laser Tools:

• Checking foundation horizontality with a spirit level or optical level.

• Profiles & String Lines:

• Wooden profiles and nylon lines mark wall boundaries and heights.

• Establishing Datum Points:

• Using a benchmark (fixed reference point) to ensure consistent levels across the site.

Step-by-Step Process:

1. Clear and level the foundation base.

2. Mark corners with pegs and string lines.

3. Verify diagonals for squareness (equal measurements = correct 90° angles).

4. Transfer markings to the foundation with chalk or mortar spots.

Critical Checks:
✔ Foundation is level, square, and properly compacted.
✔ Damp-proof membrane (DPM) is installed if required.

3. Building Brick/Block Walls

A. Bonding Patterns

• Stretcher Bond:

• Basic pattern for single-thickness walls (e.g., cavity walls).

• English Bond:

• Alternating headers (short end) and stretchers (long side) for strong load-bearing walls.

• Flemish Bond:

• Decorative; alternating headers and stretchers in each course.

B. Cavity Walls & Damp-Proofing

• Cavity Wall Construction:

• Inner leaf (blockwork) + outer leaf (brick) with a 50–100mm gap for insulation and moisture barrier.

• Wall ties (stainless steel) connect leaves while maintaining the cavity.

• Damp-Proof Course (DPC):

• A waterproof layer (plastic, slate, or bitumen) at the base of walls to prevent rising damp.

Quality Control:
✔ Mortar joints consistent (10mm thickness).
✔ Perpendicular checks with a builder’s square.

4. Constructing Piers, Arches & Decorative Features

A. Piers (Vertical Supports)

• Types:

• Attached piers (bonded to a wall).

• Isolated piers (standalone columns).

• Reinforcement:

• Steel bars or thicker mortar beds for load-bearing piers.

B. Arches

• Key Components:

• Voussoirs (wedge-shaped bricks) and a centering frame (temporary support).

• Common Types:

• Semicircular, Segmental, Flat (corbelled) arches.

C. Decorative Features

• Brick Corbeling: Overlapping bricks for aesthetic shelves or supports.

• Dogtooth Courses: Angled bricks for textured patterns.

Safety Tip:
🔺 Use temporary supports for arches until mortar fully cures.

Conclusion

This module ensures technicians can translate designs into precise, structurally sound masonry work, from foundations to complex features. Mastery of these skills improves efficiency, safety, and craftsmanship on-site.