Steps to Create Fire Stopping

3-Module. Steps to Create Fire Stopping 

Proper installation of fire stopping systems is critical for maintaining compartmentation and ensuring life safety. Below is an expanded, step-by-step breakdown of the firestop module creation process with technical considerations.

Step 1: Assess the Penetration

(Critical foundation for proper system selection)

A. Identify the Barrier Type

• Fire-rated walls (e.g., 1-hour, 2-hour rated assemblies)

• Floor/ceiling assemblies (impacting vertical fire spread)

• Shaft enclosures (requiring higher fire resistance)

B. Measure Penetration Characteristics

• Diameter/width of opening (dictates material quantity)

• Annular space (gap between penetrating item and barrier)

• Depth of assembly (affects material fill requirements)

C. Determine Fire Resistance Requirements

• Rating matching the barrier (e.g., 2-hour wall needs 2-hour firestop)

• Smoke rating (additional requirement in healthcare facilities)

• Movement considerations (expansion joints, seismic requirements)

Step 2: Select Appropriate Firestop System

(Matching solutions to specific conditions)

Material Selection Criteria

• Penetrant type:

• Metallic pipes (require flexible sealants for thermal expansion)

• Plastic pipes (need intumescent collars to address melting)

• Cable bundles (require wrap systems or putty pads)

• Opening size:

• Small gaps (<1"): Firestop sealants

• Medium openings (1-4"): Mortars or putties

• Large voids (>4"): Pillows or board systems

Performance Requirements

• F-rating (flame blocking duration)

• T-rating (temperature limitation on unexposed side)

• L-rating (air leakage restriction for smoke control)

Step 3: Prepare the Opening

(Ensuring optimal material performance)

Surface Preparation

• Remove all:

• Loose debris and dust (compromises adhesion)

• Oil/grease (particularly on metallic penetrants)

• Existing failed firestop materials

Fitment Verification

• Confirm manufacturer's:

• Maximum annular space allowances

• Minimum/maximum depth requirements

• Substrate compatibility (concrete vs. drywall)

Step 4: Install Firestop System

(Precision application techniques)

Application Methods

• Sealants:

• Backer rod installation for deep gaps

• Tooling for proper adhesion and aesthetics

• Mortars:

• Layered application for thick fills

• Curing time considerations

• Pillows/Blocks:

• Compression requirements (typically 25-50%)

• Stacking configurations for large openings

Critical Installation Checks

• Complete 360° encapsulation

• No voids or air pockets

• Proper material thickness per specifications

Step 5: Inspection & Certification

(Quality assurance and compliance)

Verification Process

• Visual inspection for:

• Continuity of seal

• Proper material selection

• Workmanship quality

• Documentation:

• Photographic evidence (before/during/after)

• Material batch/lot numbers

• Inspector sign-off

Performance Testing

• Smoke testing (where required by jurisdiction)

• Destructive testing (random sampling in critical facilities)

• Third-party certification (for high-risk occupancies)

Key Installation Considerations

1. Ambient Conditions:

• Temperature/humidity limits for material application

• Cure time requirements before putting into service

2. Accessibility:

• Future maintenance requirements

• Labeling for identification

3. Movement Accommodation:

• Expansion/contraction allowances

• Seismic joint considerations

Conclusion

This structured approach ensures firestop systems perform as designed during a fire event. Each step builds upon the previous one, creating a comprehensive fire protection solution. Proper execution requires:

• Trained, certified installers

• Strict adherence to manufacturer's instructions

• Rigorous quality control measures