Module 2: Advanced Surveying Techniques 

1. Pre-Survey Planning & Risk Management

Client Brief Analysis

• Understanding Project Requirements: Review architectural drawings, performance specifications (U-values, acoustic ratings), and compliance needs (Building Regulations, Secured by Design).

• Scope Definition: Determine if the survey is for installation quality checks, defect diagnosis, or compliance verification.

• Site Constraints: Identify access limitations (e.g., high-rise facades, historic buildings) and safety hazards.

Risk Assessment Method Statements (RAMS)

• Hazard Identification: Assess risks such as working at height, fragile roofs, or electrical hazards near glazing.

• Control Measures: Specify PPE (harnesses, helmets), safe access equipment (scaffolding, MEWPs), and emergency procedures.

• Legal Compliance: Ensure adherence to Work at Height Regulations 2005 and CDM 2015 for construction projects.

2. Measurement & Tolerances

Laser Scanning vs. Manual Measurement

Tolerances for Large-Scale Installations

• Curtain Walls: Permissible deviations (±5mm in alignment, ±3mm in joint spacing).

• Structural Glazing: Glass pane flatness tolerance (≤3mm bow over 2m length).

• Frame Deformation: Maximum allowable deflection (L/175 under wind load per BS EN 1991-1-4).

3. Defect Identification & Forensic Analysis

Common Failures & Causes

• Sealant Degradation:

• Symptoms: Cracking, discolouration, water ingress.

• Causes: UV exposure, poor adhesion, incorrect sealant type (e.g., silicone vs. polysulfide).

• Thermal Bridging:

• Symptoms: Condensation, mould growth on frames.

• Causes: Non-thermally broken aluminium, poor insulation at reveals.

• Condensation:

• Interstitial: Between glass panes (failed IG unit seals).

• Surface: Poor ventilation or low internal temperatures (Part F compliance issues).

Leak Detection Methods

Key Takeaways

• Pre-Survey Planning prevents costly oversights by aligning with client needs and safety protocols.

• Precision Measurement demands the right tool for the job—laser scanning for complex builds, manual methods for small-scale retrofits.

• Defect Diagnosis requires systematic analysis, combining visual inspection with diagnostic tools like thermal cameras.