Module 2: Demolition Safety & Risk Management

Demolition is one of the most hazardous construction-related activities, with risks including structural collapses, falling debris, exposure to hazardous materials, and equipment-related injuries. This module covers essential safety protocols, risk mitigation strategies, and emergency preparedness to ensure a safe demolition worksite.

1. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

Before any demolition begins, a thorough hazard identification and risk assessment (HIRA) must be conducted to prevent accidents and injuries.

A. Common Demolition Hazards

• Structural Instability:

• Unexpected collapses due to weakened load-bearing elements

• Hidden voids or compromised foundations

• Falling Debris & Flying Particles:

• Broken glass, concrete chunks, and metal fragments

• Dust and silica exposure leading to respiratory issues

• Hazardous Materials (Asbestos, Lead, Mold, Chemicals):

• Asbestos in insulation, lead-based paint, or toxic chemicals in industrial sites

• Electrical & Utility Hazards:

• Live wires, gas leaks, or unexploded ordnance in older buildings

• Noise & Vibration:

• Prolonged exposure to loud machinery causing hearing damage

• Heavy Machinery Risks:

• Equipment rollovers, accidental contact with workers, or hydraulic failures

B. Risk Assessment Process

1. Pre-Demolition Survey:

• Engineers inspect the structure for hidden dangers.

• Review blueprints and previous site use (e.g., industrial plants may contain toxins).

2. Job Safety Analysis (JSA):

• Break down each task (e.g., wall demolition, debris removal) and identify risks.

3. Control Measures Implementation:

• Elimination (removing hazards where possible)

• Substitution (using safer methods, like wet cutting to reduce dust)

• Engineering controls (barriers, dust suppression systems)

• Administrative controls (safety training, restricted zones)

• PPE (last line of defense)

2. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Requirements

PPE is mandatory for all demolition workers to minimize injury risks.

A. Essential PPE for Demolition Workers

• Head Protection:

• Hard hats (ANSI Z89.1 compliant) to protect against falling objects

• Eye & Face Protection:

• Safety goggles (impact-resistant) or face shields when cutting or grinding

• Hearing Protection:

• Earplugs or earmuffs (OSHA noise exposure limits: 90 dB over 8 hours)

• Respiratory Protection:

• N95 masks for dust, full-face respirators for asbestos/chemicals

• Hand & Arm Protection:

• Cut-resistant gloves for handling sharp debris, heat-resistant gloves for torch work

• Body Protection:

• High-visibility vests, flame-resistant clothing (if welding/cutting)

• Full-body suits (for asbestos or hazardous material removal)

• Foot Protection:

• Steel-toe boots with puncture-resistant soles (OSHA 1910.136 compliant)

B. PPE Maintenance & Fit Checks

• Inspect PPE before each use (e.g., cracks in helmets, glove tears).

• Replace damaged equipment immediately.

• Ensure respirators are properly sealed (fit testing required annually).

3. Safe Handling of Tools and Machinery

Improper use of demolition tools and heavy machinery leads to severe injuries.

A. Hand & Power Tools Safety

• Sledgehammers & Jackhammers:

• Maintain firm grip, wear anti-vibration gloves

• Check for cracks in handles before use

• Cutting & Grinding Tools:

• Use guards on angle grinders, wear face shields

• Avoid kickback by holding tools securely

• Gas-Powered Equipment (Concrete Saws, Torches):

• Store fuel properly, check for leaks

• Fire extinguishers must be nearby

B. Heavy Equipment Safety (Excavators, Bulldozers, Wrecking Balls)

• Operator Certification Required:

• Only trained personnel should operate machinery.

• Pre-Operation Checks:

• Inspect hydraulic systems, brakes, and controls.

• Safe Operating Practices:

• Keep a safe distance from unstable structures.

• Use spotters when operating in blind zones.

• Never exceed load limits for cranes or excavators.

4. Emergency Response and First Aid in Demolition

Despite precautions, emergencies can occur. A well-prepared response saves lives.

A. Emergency Preparedness Plan

• Site-Specific Rescue Plan:

• Designate emergency exits and muster points.

• Ensure all workers know evacuation routes.

• First Aid Kits & AEDs On-Site:

• Must be easily accessible, inspected monthly.

• Emergency Contacts:

• Post numbers for fire, medical, and hazardous material teams.

B. Common Demolition Injuries & First Aid

• Cuts & Puncture Wounds:

• Apply direct pressure, clean wound, bandage.

• Fractures & Crush Injuries:

• Immobilize the limb, avoid moving the victim if spinal injury is suspected.

• Chemical Exposure:

• Flush skin/eyes with water for 15+ minutes.

• Electrical Shock:

• Cut power source before touching the victim.

• Dust Inhalation/Silica Exposure:

• Move to fresh air, seek medical attention if breathing difficulties occur.

C. Fire & Explosion Response

• Fire Extinguishers (ABC-rated) must be placed every 75 feet.

• Gas Leak Protocol:

• Evacuate immediately, do not operate electrical switches.

Conclusion

Module 2 emphasizes proactive hazard control, strict PPE compliance, safe equipment handling, and emergency readiness. A well-trained demolition team follows these protocols to prevent accidents and respond effectively if incidents occur.