Module 4: Specialized Components & Systems
4.1 Installing Sunshades & Louvers
Sunshades and louvers enhance building performance by controlling solar heat gain and glare while contributing to architectural aesthetics.
Types & Installation Methods
Fixed vs. Adjustable Louvers:
Fixed: Angled aluminum/steel blades, welded or bolted to brackets.
Operable: Motorized systems for dynamic shading control.
Attachment Systems:
Direct Mullion Mounting: Brackets welded to curtain wall framing.
Spider Fixings: For point-supported glass louver systems.
Material Considerations:
Aluminum: Lightweight, corrosion-resistant.
Perforated Metal: Reduces wind load while allowing airflow.
Key Challenges
Wind Load Resistance: Must withstand uplift forces (AAMA 507 testing).
Thermal Expansion: Requires slip joints at connections.
Alignment & Leveling: Laser-guided installation ensures uniformity.
4.2 Integration with Building Systems (HVAC, Lighting)
Curtain walls must seamlessly interact with MEP systems for optimal performance.
HVAC Integration
Ventilation Interfaces:
Natural Ventilation: Operable vents in double-skin facades.
Mechanical Air Supply: Coordination with HVAC duct penetrations.
Condensation Management:
Thermal Breaks & Heating Coils: Prevent condensation at spandrels.
Lighting Integration
Daylight Harvesting:
Photocell Sensors: Automated lighting controls tied to facade glazing.
Light Shelves: Reflective panels to distribute natural light deeper into spaces.
Facade Lighting:
LED Strip Integration: Concealed within mullions for night aesthetics.
Coordination Requirements
BIM Clash Detection: Ensures no interference between facade and MEP systems.
Firestop Penetrations: Sealants around HVAC ducts to maintain fire ratings.
4.3 Fire-Rated Curtain Wall Systems
Fire-rated systems compartmentalize flames and smoke, critical for high-rises and atriums.
Design & Materials
Fire-Resistant Glazing:
Ceramic Glass: Withstands temperatures >1,000°C (e.g., Pyrobel).
Intumescent Sealants: Expand under heat to seal gaps.
Spandrel Protection:
Mineral Wool Insulation: Non-combustible backing.
Fire-Rated Aluminum: Melting point >660°C (requires intumescent coatings).
Testing & Compliance
ASTM E119/EN 1364: Evaluates fire endurance (typically 60–120 minutes).
Smoke Control: Must pass UL 1784 airflow tests.
Installation Best Practices
Perimeter Fire Barriers:
Silicone Firestop Systems: Fill gaps between slab and curtain wall.
Compression Seals: Expand under heat to block smoke.
4.4 Blast-Resistant & Security Glazing
Designed to mitigate explosive and forced-entry threats in high-risk buildings.
Materials & Construction
Laminated Glass Configurations:
Polycarbonate Interlayers: Bullet-resistant (UL 752 Level 1–8).
SentryGlas®: Stiffer PVB for blast mitigation.
Frame Reinforcements:
Steel Sub-Frames: Anchored to structural concrete.
Shear Key Connections: Prevents panel dislodgement.
Performance Standards
Blast Testing: ASTM F1642 (simulates explosive pressure waves).
Forced-Entry Resistance: Meets DOS (Diplomatic Security) standards.
Installation Criticalities
Anchorage Strength: High-strength bolts (e.g., Hilti HIT-HY 200).
Redundancy Measures: Secondary retention systems (e.g., sacrificial outer layer).
Key Takeaways
Sunshades/Louvers: Balance aesthetics, solar control, and structural integrity.
MEP Integration: Requires early coordination to avoid clashes.
Fire-Rated Systems: Depend on specialized materials and perimeter detailing.
Blast-Resistant Glazing: Combines robust materials with engineered redundancy.
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