Finishing and Jointing

Module 6: Finishing and Jointing

Finishing and jointing are critical steps in bricklaying that enhance both the durability and aesthetic appeal of brickwork. Proper techniques ensure weather resistance, structural integrity, and a polished appearance. This module covers pointing techniques, tooling joints, and cleaning and maintaining brickwork in detail.

1. Pointing Techniques

Pointing refers to the process of filling and finishing mortar joints between bricks. Different techniques are used based on functional and visual requirements:

• Flush Pointing:

  • The mortar is pressed tightly into the joint and finished level with the brick surface.

  • Provides a smooth, uniform appearance but offers less weather resistance due to minimal water runoff.

  • Commonly used in internal walls where aesthetics are prioritized over weatherproofing.

• Weatherstruck (Struck) Pointing:

  • The mortar is recessed slightly at the top and angled outward at the bottom to shed water effectively.

  • Improves durability by directing rainwater away from the joint.

  • Requires skilled execution to maintain consistency in the slope.

• Recessed Pointing:

  • The mortar is pressed back from the brick face (typically by 5–10mm) to create a shadow effect.

  • Enhances the brickwork’s visual texture but reduces weather resistance since water can collect in the recess.

  • Often used for decorative purposes in dry or sheltered areas.

2. Tooling Joints for Durability and Aesthetics

Tooling involves compressing and shaping mortar joints to improve strength and appearance. The timing of tooling is crucial—mortar should be thumbprint-hard (neither too wet nor too dry).

• Concave Joint (Most Common):

  • Created using a curved jointer, compressing the mortar for a smooth, inward curve.

  • Enhances water resistance by sealing the edges and improving bond strength.

• V-Joint:

  • Formed with a V-shaped jointer, creating sharp, clean lines.

  • Provides good weather resistance but may require more maintenance over time.

• Raked Joint:

  • Mortar is scraped back to expose a portion of the brick edges.

  • Used for rustic or historical aesthetics but is less weather-resistant due to exposed edges.

• Struck or Weathered Joint:

  • Similar to weatherstruck pointing but achieved through tooling, creating a sloped finish for water runoff.

3. Cleaning and Maintaining Brickwork

Proper cleaning ensures longevity and preserves the appearance of brick structures.

• Initial Cleaning:

  • Excess mortar should be removed while still fresh using a stiff brush or trowel.

  • Once hardened, mortar stains can be carefully scraped or treated with a mild acid wash (e.g., diluted hydrochloric acid).

• Long-Term Maintenance:

  • Efflorescence (white salt deposits): Remove with a stiff brush and water; persistent cases may require specialized cleaners.

  • Mold/Algae Growth: Clean with a bleach solution or commercial biocide.

  • Cracked or Eroded Mortar: Repointing (removing and replacing damaged mortar) may be necessary to prevent water penetration.

• Protective Measures:

  • Applying a breathable sealant can reduce water absorption while allowing moisture to escape.

  • Regular inspections help detect early signs of deterioration, such as spalling (flaking bricks) or loose mortar.

By mastering these techniques, bricklayers ensure structurally sound, visually appealing, and long-lasting brickwork. Proper jointing and maintenance are essential for both functional performance and architectural beauty.