Module 4: Health, Safety, and Industry Regulations 

1. Workplace Hazards & Risk Assessment

Steel fixing involves multiple hazards that require proper risk management to prevent accidents and injuries.

Key Hazards in Steel Fixing

• Manual Handling Risks

• Heavy rebar lifting can cause musculoskeletal injuries (back strains, hernias).

• Control Measures:

• Use mechanical aids (hoists, trolleys) for heavy bars.

• Train workers in proper lifting techniques (bend knees, keep back straight).

• Implement team lifting for long/heavy sections.

• Sharp Edges & Protrusions

• Cut rebar ends and tie wires can cause lacerations and puncture wounds.

• Control Measures:

• Use protective gloves (cut-resistant, padded).

• Cap exposed rebar ends with safety caps in high-traffic areas.

• Keep work areas clean of scrap metal debris.

• Working at Heights

• Falls from formwork, scaffolds, or unfinished structures are a major risk.

• Control Measures:

• Use harnesses and fall arrest systems when working above 2m.

• Install edge protection on slab perimeters.

• Inspect working platforms before use.

Risk Assessment Process

1. Identify Hazards (e.g., sharp materials, overhead cranes).

2. Evaluate Risks (likelihood × severity of harm).

3. Implement Controls (PPE, safe work procedures).

4. Monitor & Review (daily toolbox talks, incident reporting).

2. COSHH & PPE Requirements

Steel fixers handle chemicals and require proper protective equipment.

Chemical Hazards (COSHH Compliance)

• Rust Inhibitors & Form Oils

• May contain volatile compounds harmful if inhaled.

• Safety Measures:

• Use in well-ventilated areas.

• Wear respirators if spraying in confined spaces.

• Store in labeled containers away from heat sources.

• Epoxy Coatings (for Corrosion Protection)

• Can cause skin irritation or respiratory issues.

• Safety Measures:

• Wear nitrile gloves and goggles.

• Follow manufacturer’s SDS (Safety Data Sheets).

Mandatory PPE for Steel Fixers

• Head Protection: Hard hat (with chin strap if working at heights).

• Eye Protection: Safety goggles (against flying debris when cutting).

• Hand Protection: Heavy-duty gloves (cut-resistant + chemical-resistant if handling coatings).

• Foot Protection: Steel-toe boots with puncture-resistant soles.

• High-Visibility Clothing: For site visibility near moving plant.

3. Industry Standards & Compliance

Steel fixing must adhere to national and international codes.

Key Standards

• BS 8666 (UK Standard for Bar Bending)

• Defines shape codes, bending tolerances, and scheduling.

• Example: A "Type A" bend = 180° hook with specified dimensions.

• Eurocode 2 (EN 1992 - Concrete Design)

• Covers minimum reinforcement, lap lengths, and spacing.

• Requires ductility checks in seismic zones.

• OSHA/Construction (Design & Management) Regulations

• Mandates safe working platforms, edge protection, and hazard signage.

Compliance with Building Regulations

• Concrete Cover Requirements

• Slabs: 25mm min.

• Foundations: 50mm min. (if in contact with soil).

• Replacement of Damaged Bars

• Rusted or bent bars must be replaced if cross-section is reduced by >5%.

• Inspection & Sign-Off

• Reinforcement must be checked by engineers before concrete pour.

4. Emergency Procedures

First Aid for Common Injuries

• Cuts/Punctures: Clean wound, apply pressure, seek medical help if deep.

• Muscle Strains: Stop work, apply ice, avoid heavy lifting.

• Chemical Exposure: Rinse with water for 15 mins, report to supervisor.

Site Safety Protocols

• Fire Safety: Keep welding/cutting away from flammable materials.

• Emergency Exits: Ensure clear access routes at all times.

Conclusion

This module ensures steel fixers understand hazard control, PPE use, and legal compliance, reducing workplace accidents and ensuring structural safety.

Next Steps:

• On-site safety drills (e.g., fall arrest training).

• COSHH certification courses for chemical handling.