Module 3: Scaffolding Erection & Dismantling

Objective: Learn safe procedures for assembling and dismantling scaffolding to prevent accidents and ensure structural stability.

1. Step-by-Step Erection Process

Proper scaffold assembly follows a systematic approach to ensure stability and OSHA compliance.

A. Foundation Preparation

• Ground Inspection:

• Check for stable, level ground free from holes, debris, or soft soil.

• Use mud sills (large wooden planks) or base plates to distribute weight on unstable surfaces.

• Setting Base Plates & Adjustable Jacks:

• Ensure base plates are level; use adjustable screws on uneven terrain.

• Never use bricks, blocks, or unstable objects as supports.

B. Erecting Standards (Vertical Supports)

• First Tier Assembly:

• Install standards (vertical tubes) at specified intervals (typically 6.5 ft / 2 m apart).

• Secure with ledgers (horizontal connectors) at each level.

• Plumb & Level Checks:

• Use a spirit level to ensure standards are perfectly vertical.

• Adjust base jacks as needed to maintain stability.

C. Installing Braces & Transoms

• Diagonal Bracing:

• Add cross braces or sway braces to prevent lateral movement.

• Follow manufacturer guidelines for proper angles and connections.

• Transoms & Platform Supports:

• Place main transoms near standards and intermediate transoms for additional support.

• Ensure transoms are securely locked with right-angle couplers.

D. Platform Installation

• Scaffold Boards (Decks):

• Use only graded scaffold boards (no makeshift planks).

• Ensure full platform coverage with no gaps >1 inch (OSHA requirement).

• Secure boards against movement with clips or hooks.

• Guardrails & Toeboards:

• Install guardrails (top rail, mid rail, and toeboards) on all open sides above 10 ft.

E. Final Inspection & Tagging

• A competent person must inspect before use.

• Tag system:

• Green Tag: Safe for use.

• Red Tag: Do not use (requires repair).

2. Hazards and Controls

Scaffolding work involves multiple risks; proper controls mitigate accidents.

A. Common Hazards

• Falls from Height (leading cause of fatalities).

• Scaffold Collapse (due to overloading, weak foundations, or improper assembly).

• Struck-by Objects (falling tools/materials).

• Electrical Hazards (working near power lines).

B. Safety Controls

• Fall Protection:

• Use guardrails or personal fall arrest systems (PFAS) when working above 10 ft.

• Load Management:

• Never exceed the scaffold’s maximum intended load.

• Distribute materials evenly; avoid concentrated weight.

• Weather Precautions:

• Avoid work in high winds (>25 mph), rain, or icy conditions.

• Exclusion Zones:

• Barricade the area below scaffolding to prevent injuries from falling objects.

3. Tools & PPE Requirements

A. Essential Tools for Erection/Dismantling

• Spanners/Wrenches (for couplers and fittings).

• Spirit Level (to check plumb and level).

• Hammer (for securing pins and clips).

• Scaffold Hoist (for lifting heavy components).

B. Mandatory PPE for Workers

• Hard Hat (protection from falling objects).

• Non-Slip Safety Boots.

• High-Visibility Vest.

• Harness & Lanyard (if fall risk exists beyond guardrails).

• Gloves (to prevent hand injuries).

4. Activity: Simulated Practical Exercise

A hands-on or video-based exercise reinforces safe practices.

Option 1: Hands-On Assembly (Recommended)

• Trainees erect a small scaffold module under supervision.

• Instructor evaluates:

• Correct placement of standards, ledgers, and braces.

• Proper use of PPE and tools.

• Final inspection and tagging.

Option 2: Video Demonstration (Alternative)

• Watch a step-by-step erection/dismantling video.

• Trainees identify correct vs. unsafe practices (e.g., missing braces, unstable base).

• Group discussion on potential hazards.

Key Discussion Points:

• What happens if braces are omitted?

• Why must platforms be fully planked?

• How does weather impact scaffold stability?

Conclusion

This module provides a structured approach to safe scaffold erection and dismantling, emphasizing hazard awareness, proper techniques, and OSHA compliance. Mastery of these skills prevents collapses, falls, and fatalities.

Next Step: Proceed to Module 4 (Risk Assessment & Safety Protocols) to deepen understanding of scaffold safety management.

Enhancements Available:

• Downloadable scaffold assembly checklist.

• OSHA scaffold erection standards (29 CFR 1926.452) reference sheet.

• VR simulation (for virtual scaffold assembly training).